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143. 重排链表

题目描述

给定一个单链表 L的头节点 head ,单链表 L 表示为:

L0 → L1 → … → Ln - 1 → Ln

请将其重新排列后变为:

L0 → Ln → L1 → Ln - 1 → L2 → Ln - 2 → …

不能只是单纯的改变节点内部的值,而是需要实际的进行节点交换。

 

示例 1:

image-20240823102438951
输入:head = [1,2,3,4]
输出:[1,4,2,3]

示例 2:

image-20240823102417597
输入:head = [1,2,3,4,5]
输出:[1,5,2,4,3]

 

提示:

  • 链表的长度范围为 [1, 5 * 104]
  • 1 <= node.val <= 1000

方法一:快慢指针 + 反转链表 + 合并链表

我们先用快慢指针找到链表的中点,然后将链表的后半部分反转,最后将左右两个链表合并。

时间复杂度 O(n),其中 n 是链表的长度。空间复杂度 O(1)

java
class Solution {
    public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
        // 快慢指针找到链表中点
        ListNode fast = head, slow = head;
        while (fast.next != null && fast.next.next != null) {
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }

        // cur 指向右半部分链表
        ListNode cur = slow.next;
        slow.next = null;

        // 反转右半部分链表
        ListNode pre = null;
        while (cur != null) {
            ListNode t = cur.next;
            cur.next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = t;
        }
        cur = head;

        // 此时 cur, pre 分别指向链表左右两半的第一个节点
        // 合并
        while (pre != null) {
            ListNode t = pre.next;
            pre.next = cur.next;
            cur.next = pre;
            cur = pre.next;
            pre = t;
        }
    }
}
cpp
class Solution {
public:
    void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
        // 快慢指针找到链表中点
        ListNode* fast = head;
        ListNode* slow = head;
        while (fast->next && fast->next->next) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }

        // cur 指向右半部分链表
        ListNode* cur = slow->next;
        slow->next = nullptr;

        // 反转右半部分链表
        ListNode* pre = nullptr;
        while (cur) {
            ListNode* t = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = t;
        }
        cur = head;

        // 此时 cur, pre 分别指向链表左右两半的第一个节点
        // 合并
        while (pre) {
            ListNode* t = pre->next;
            pre->next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            cur = pre->next;
            pre = t;
        }
    }
};
ts
/**
 Do not return anything, modify head in-place instead.
 */
function reorderList(head: ListNode | null): void {
    let slow = head;
    let fast = head;
    // 找到中心节点
    while (fast && fast.next) {
        slow = slow.next;
        fast = fast.next.next;
    }
    // 反转节点
    let next = slow.next;
    slow.next = null;
    while (next) {
        [next.next, slow, next] = [slow, next, next.next];
    }
    // 合并
    let left = head;
    let right = slow;
    while (right.next) {
        const next = left.next;
        left.next = right;
        right = right.next;
        left.next.next = next;
        left = left.next.next;
    }
}
python
class Solution:
    def reorderList(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> None:
        # 快慢指针找到链表中点
        fast = slow = head
        while fast.next and fast.next.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next

        # cur 指向右半部分链表
        cur = slow.next
        slow.next = None

        # 反转右半部分链表
        pre = None
        while cur:
            t = cur.next
            cur.next = pre
            pre, cur = cur, t
        cur = head

        # 此时 cur, pre 分别指向链表左右两半的第一个节点
        # 合并
        while pre:
            t = pre.next
            pre.next = cur.next
            cur.next = pre
            cur, pre = pre.next, t

Released under the MIT License.